How the change works
- 01 / Public decision
Access and support
- 02 / Physical change
Continued use
- 03 / Possible outcome
Less smoke in the kitchen
Providing an appliance is just the beginning: you need affordable fuel, reliable supplies and continuous use.
Research and local documents ↓What the evidence tells us
PMUY has expanded access to LPG in India. Studies show that the cost of refills and the simultaneous use of wood can limit the transition.
Putting the choices into practice
Access
The challengeAppliance only
The responseReliable fuel supplies
Cost
The challengeUnaffordable fuel refills
The responseSustainable use
Indicator
The challengeGas connections
The responseReplaced fuels
The diagram compares choices and conditions for putting them into practice. Measured outcomes and their limits are discussed in the evidence.
Research and local documents ↓Conditions and limits
Connections, refills and the abandonment of wood are different indicators. LPG is fossil: better domestic air does not mean zero climate emissions.
Other possible benefits
Less effort in harvesting and healthier domestic environments.
Research and local documents
- Local project or policy documentIndia · Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana ↗
Institutional documentation of the program, territory or rules mentioned.
- Evidence for this findingGould and Urpelainen, 2018 · LPG as a Clean Cooking Fuel ↗
Survey on the rural use of LPG: costs, continuity of use and simultaneous use of other fuels.
- Evidence for this findingThe drivers of sustained use of liquified petroleum gas in India ↗
Longitudinal research on continuous use; connecting and replacing wood have distinct results.
